Raynaud‘s Syndrome

Raynauds is a debilitating condition that causes periods of severely restricted blood flow to the extremities, primarily the digits. In extreme cases, gangrene can occur. It is thought that the blood vessels undergo a vasospastic reaction, effectively closing down the flow of blood to the digit. This condition can last from several minutes to several hours. Episodes of RS are unpredictable, can lie dormant for years, and can resurface in response to infection, fatigue or stress. In severe cases permanent deformity, loss of sensitivity and gangrene can occur.

Diagnosing RS is not easy, no one blood test or study can definitively diagnose RS. Mainly, clinical symptoms noted over time, are the primary way of defining RS. Typically, when a patient describes their digits going from a white color (ischemic), to a bluish discoloration (cyanotic), to a red color (dilation), raynauds can be almost assured as the cause. RS can be associated with scleroderma and lupus, and must be ruled out before making a diagnosis.

Treatment of RS is conservative, using self help to prevent attacks and reducing symptoms. In very severe cases, potent oral vasodilators may be used. Strategies to reduce attacks of RS involve common sense approaches:

• Protect your body from extreme changes in temperature, which are worse than cold alone
• Keep your head and torso warm to enable blood to flow more freely to your hands and feet.
• Dress in layers when going out
• Avoid getting the skin wet or perspiring in cold weather.
• Drink warm beverages.
• Do not hold cold beverages.
• Wear mittens and socks to bed.
• Wear mittens in cold weather.
• Do not smoke. Avoid breathing second hand smoke.
• Cut down on your intake of caffeine containing foods, beverages, and drugs.
• Do not use birth control pills.
• Avoid taking over the counter decongestants, cold remedies and diet pills.
• Avoid operating vibrating equipment.
• Consult a healthcare provider if infection or skin ulcers develop.

A prolonged attack of RS can lead to tissue death, gangrene, and possibly amputation. Try to remain calm when an attack begins. Gently rewarm the digits as soon as possible. If moving the affected part right away does not help, try applying moist heat.

• Do not clap your hands together or rub them vigorously. Doing so can damage blood vessels.
• Place your hands under your armpits or between your legs.
• Cup your hands to your mouth and breathe on your fingers.
• Wiggle your fingers and toes.
• Run warm, not hot, water over the affected body parts until normal color returns.
• Always protect your skin form traumatic damage.

These recommendations have been adapted from the Life Extension foundation guidelines.